■ Introduction
Both Japan and Canada accept immigrants, but there are significant differences in how their systems operate and how applications are assessed.
I have been working in Canadian immigration for over 20 years and am now also involved in visa applications in Japan. Based on this experience, I would like to explain the key differences between the two systems from a practical perspective.
■ Key Difference ①: How Applications Are Assessed
The biggest difference between Japan and Canada lies in the approach to decision-making and the level of discretion given to immigration officers.
In Canada, decisions are generally based on a point system or clearly defined criteria. Applications are assessed based on whether the requirements are met or not, making the process relatively predictable. Although there are categories such as Humanitarian and Compassionate Consideration where officer discretion plays a role, officers must still follow established legal principles. If decisions ignore these standards, they may be challenged in court, which encourages careful and consistent decision-making.
In contrast, Japan operates with broader and more flexible criteria. Immigration officers tend to have wider discretion, and decisions often depend on the overall consistency and credibility of the submitted documents. It is not uncommon for applications to be scrutinized for minor inconsistencies.
For example, in Canada, international students are limited to working 24 hours per week. However, it would be very unusual for a work visa to be refused solely based on an estimated calculation that the applicant may have worked slightly more than the allowed hours. In Japan, such discrepancies could be taken much more seriously and potentially lead to a refusal.
■ Practical Measures
When applying for a visa in Japan, the following points are particularly important:
- Ensure a clear and consistent overall story
→ Inconsistent information across documents may create doubt - Provide logical and sufficient explanations
→ It is essential to explain why the applicant is suitable for the role - Maintain consistency across all documents
→ Resume, contract, and supporting documents must align - Eliminate even minor inconsistencies in advance
→ Pay special attention to numerical details such as salary and working hours
■ Summary
Some applicants may have prior experience applying for visas or permanent residence in other countries. However, each country has its own unique characteristics.
Applying without fully understanding the differences in systems and assessment approaches may lead to unexpected disadvantages.
The key is to adjust your strategy depending on the country.
■ Consultation
Our office provides practical, experience-based support for both Japan and Canadian immigration matters.
- English available
- Over 20 years of immigration experience
- Free initial Zoom consultation
👉 Please feel free to contact us through our inquiry page.
■ References
Immigration Services Agency of Japan
https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC)
https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship.html